The organic compound L-Citrulline was first discovered in 1914 in watermelon. In fact, its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon. L-Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that is known for its ability to enhance athletic performance. It is turned into L-Arginine and Nitric Oxide in the kidneys. These compounds are important for heart and blood vessel health as they help arteries relax and work better. By improving blood flow throughout the body, oxygen and nutrient circulation increases and supports muscle cells better. L-Citrulline also helps the body eliminate toxins, such as lactic acid and ammonia, from muscles that would otherwise build up during physical activity. This allows muscles to continue to exercise with more power and energy during periods of physical activity.

L-Carnosine is an amino acid that is naturally found in skeletal muscle. It has created tremendous interest in the athletic community for its ability to slow down the aging of cells. Additionally, L-Carnosine supplementation helps to keep the ph in muscles neutral. When lactic acid accumulates in muscles from strenuous activity, ph falls; muscles fatigue and ultimately exhaust themselves. This effect means that L-Carnosine has the ability to allow cells to undergo more stress from physical activity while increase muscle strength, endurance and helping to speed up recovery. L-Carnosine has also been shown to be a powerful anti-oxidant and has very positive action in helping to reverse diseases where glucose uptake is a problem. For athletes, it means that energy reserves can be more quickly called upon during exercise.

OKG is a salt formed from two molecules of the amino acid Ornithine and one molecule of Alpha-Ketoglutarate. OKG offers many benefits to athletes. It plays a strong role in the oxidation process and allows the body to better burn energy during periods of peak athletic performance. More importantly, it appears to reduce problems athletes normally associate with ammonia build-up caused by the tearing down of muscles in training and competition. It has proven to have benefits with patients suffering from kidney problems. In reducing ammonia toxicity, muscles tend to be less sore and OKG may allow faster recovery from injury. Additionally, OKG seems to play a role in amino acid synthesis and protein availability, which supports muscle mass, strength and healthy hormone levels.

The nonessential amino acid L-Tyrosine has received a great deal of attention among trainers and athletes for its effects on improving nerve function without having ill effects on mood. A natural ingredient found in meat, oatmeal and seafood, L-Tyrosine is said to lower stress hormones while creating an improvement in mental sharpness and awareness. As a result, L-Tyrosine creates an improvement in physical performance. L-Tyrosine has also been used to lower the risks associated with stress and fatigue; two factors that often accompany intense physical training.

First discovered by Russian scientists in 1927, L-Carnitine and its physiological significance was understood by the 1960’s. L-Carnitine is an amino acid that is naturally produced in the body and found in muscle tissue. Although Cardio Surge Energy is formulated using three forms of L-Carnitine with each providing their own benefits, all forms of L-Carnitine deliver set benefits to athletes. Some of these benefits include transporting long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane more efficiently to be used as energy. L-Carnitine can act as an anti-catabolic agent because of its 'Glycogen Sparing' effect to improve energy production from fatty acids and effectively reduces the need to burn glycogen. There is a strong correlation between muscle L-Carnitine and the activity of the Krebs cycle, a pivotal cycle in carbohydrate metabolism. L-Carnitine lowers the amount of lactate that is formed during intense physical exercise to improve performance by clearing extra lactic acid from blood and tissue. Additionally, L-Carnitine works to lower ammonia levels by increasing its incorporation into urea, which excretes into urine and creates a protective effect against ammonia poisoning caused by extreme physical activity. L-Carnitine shows a demonstrable increase in peripheral blood supply and capillary dilatation. This can lead to more oxygen absorption and substrate turnover, especially during intense training sessions. L-Carnitine acts as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and protects the immune system.

It’s no secret, the more oxygen that can be supplied to working muscles, the more energy they can produce and the longer they can sustain a heavy workload. VO2max or oxygen utilization has been viewed as one of the most important predictors of endurance performance. A study, conducted at Ball State University, confirmed the correlation between the body’s ability to effectively utilize oxygen and endurance performance with findings indicating a strong relationship between VO2max and 10-mile run times (Costill 1970). Cardio Surge Energy enhances oxygen delivery and utilization during exercise to improve mitochondrial respiration and the capacity for endurance exercise.

By far the body’s best source of energy is its fat stores. A single fatty acid molecule provides 40% more ATP energy per molecule than a glucose (carbohydrate) molecule can. This is why it is vital for an athlete’s body to turn to fat stores for energy as quickly as possible. However, the body doesn’t start using its fat stores for energy right away. Instead, glucose is used for energy first. It isn’t until the body’s glucose stores become depleted and second wind kicks in that it switches to its fat stores for energy. Cardio Surge Energy helps by metabolizing body fat sooner and more efficiently which gives athletes more energy.

Working muscles demand considerably more oxygen and nutrients. To meet this demand, more blood must flow to the muscles during physical exercise. The final link in the oxygen delivery chain (from the lungs and heart) and nutrient delivery is the capacity for more blood to circulate through the body and reach working muscles. Cardio Surge Energy addresses this need by relaxing arteries and allowing more oxygen and nutrient carrying blood to circulate in the body and reach the working muscles.

To the hard training athlete, there is no word more dreaded than lactic acid. Lactic acid occurs from performing intense physical activity and entering into an anaerobic zone. This is when the body is no longer providing enough oxygen to the working muscles for energy. When this happens, the mitochondria in cells burn glucose without sufficient oxygen and lactic acid is produced as a result. As lactic acid builds up in muscles, athletes experience the dreaded muscle burn. If enough lactic acid builds up, eventually muscles start to shut down and stop functioning altogether. Cardio Surge Energy combats lactic acid buildup in two ways. First, because Cardio Surge Energy optimizes oxygen delivery and utilization, less lactic acid is produced in the mitochondria. Second, Cardio Surge Energy improves the removal of metabolic waste from muscles. With less lactic acid build up, athlete experience less muscle burn and can perform at their peak longer.

Muscle Contraction is essential for all movement. From weight lifting to running, to throwing a kick or just standing up straight, none of it is possible without muscle contraction. The problem athletes face as they perform a physical activity is their muscle contractions begin to weaken and slow down. If physical activity is performed long enough and intensely enough, their performance will suffer and can eventually come to a halt altogether. Cardio Surge Energy helps to keep athletes moving in many ways. As mentioned above improving the delivery and utilization of oxygen and nutrients to working muscles while removing metabolic waste goes a long way to keeping muscles performing at their peak. However, Cardio Surge Energy provides a full spectrum of electrolytes to further support strong muscle contraction and nerve impulse.

For most athletes, it’s common to consume carbohydrates, protein and electrolytes before or during training and competition. However, the important thing isn’t to just consume those vital nutrients, but to ensure they are broken down, absorbed into the bloodstream and make their way to the athlete’s muscles as quickly as possible. Cardio Surge Energy includes a digestive enzyme blend to help athlete breakdown and utilized nutrients quicker and more efficiently.